full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Elizabeth Wayne: We can hack our immune cells to fight cancer

Unscramble the Blue Letters

After decades of research and billions of dollars snept in clinical tialrs, we still have a problem with cancer drug delivery. We still give patients cortahhemepy, which is so non-specific that even though it kills the cancer cells, it kind of kills the rest of your body, too. And yes, we have developed more sievltece drugs, but it's still a challenge to get them into the tumor, and they end up accumulating in the other organs as well or passing through your urine, which is a total waste. And fields like mine have emerged where we try to encapsulate these drugs to poerctt them as they travel through the body. But these mciioitoanfds cause problems that we make more modifications to fix.

Open Cloze

After decades of research and billions of dollars _____ in clinical ______, we still have a problem with cancer drug delivery. We still give patients ____________, which is so non-specific that even though it kills the cancer cells, it kind of kills the rest of your body, too. And yes, we have developed more _________ drugs, but it's still a challenge to get them into the tumor, and they end up accumulating in the other organs as well or passing through your urine, which is a total waste. And fields like mine have emerged where we try to encapsulate these drugs to _______ them as they travel through the body. But these _____________ cause problems that we make more modifications to fix.

Solution

  1. modifications
  2. chemotherapy
  3. selective
  4. spent
  5. trials
  6. protect

Original Text

After decades of research and billions of dollars spent in clinical trials, we still have a problem with cancer drug delivery. We still give patients chemotherapy, which is so non-specific that even though it kills the cancer cells, it kind of kills the rest of your body, too. And yes, we have developed more selective drugs, but it's still a challenge to get them into the tumor, and they end up accumulating in the other organs as well or passing through your urine, which is a total waste. And fields like mine have emerged where we try to encapsulate these drugs to protect them as they travel through the body. But these modifications cause problems that we make more modifications to fix.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
immune cells 9
cancer cells 5
drug delivery 2
deliver drugs 2
sticky balls 2

Important Words

  1. accumulating
  2. billions
  3. body
  4. cancer
  5. cells
  6. challenge
  7. chemotherapy
  8. clinical
  9. decades
  10. delivery
  11. developed
  12. dollars
  13. drug
  14. drugs
  15. emerged
  16. encapsulate
  17. fields
  18. fix
  19. give
  20. kills
  21. kind
  22. modifications
  23. organs
  24. passing
  25. patients
  26. problem
  27. problems
  28. protect
  29. research
  30. rest
  31. selective
  32. spent
  33. total
  34. travel
  35. trials
  36. tumor
  37. urine
  38. waste